Congratulations! You have compromised you're amatuer status. You're taking an art class. One that will give you mad art skills and speak that you'll have in you're pocket to immediatley become a better artist(lucky!)
The following definitions of elements and principles of design will be your tools to build your career in the art business and will help you navigate the slings and arrows of outrageous fortune.
Welcome!
VISUAL ELEMENTS and PRINCIPLES OF DESIGN
The Visual Elements are the basic building blocks of any work of art. The essential Elements of 2-D Design are: line, shape, texture, color, value, and mass. Think of the Visual Elements as Lego Blocks (red cube, yellow cylinder, etc.)
1. LINE: a connection between two or more adjacent points
2. SHAPE: a flat, enclosed area. A shape is created when a line connects to enclose an area, an area is surrounded by other shapes, or an area is filled with color or texture.
3. TEXTURE: the visual or tactile quality of of a form. Implied texture is when a surface looks like it has a tactile quality (for instance, a photograph of sandpaper looks rough but actually isn’t). Actual texture is when the quality of a surface can be felt by touching it (sandpaper, silk, cotton, wool, etc.)
4. COLOR: a substance that imparts a hue (such as dye, pigment, or paint.)
5. VALUE: the relative lightness or darkness of a surface.
6. MASS: the illusion of three dimensions. For example, a circle is a shape, but when value is added it appears to be a sphere - to have mass.
The Principles of Design are the means by which visual elements are organized into a unified and expressive arrangement. They are: unity, emphasis, scale & proportion, balance, rhythm, and contrast. Think of the Principles as what you can make with the Lego Blocks (a spaceship, a dinosaur, etc.)
1. UNITY: compositional similarity, oneness, togetherness, or cohesion.
2. EMPHASIS: a compositional device emphasizing a certain area or object to draw the viewer’s attention.
3. SCALE & PROPORTION: Scale: a size relationship between two separate objects (such as the relationship between the Statue of Liberty and a human visitor to the monument.)
Proportion: The relative size of visual elements within an image; the size relationship of parts to a whole (such as the size of someone’s feet relative to their body.)
4. BALANCE: the equal distribution of weight or force among visual units.
Asymmetrical balance is equilibrium among visual units that do not mirror each other on either side of an axis.
Symmetrical balance is created when shapes are mirrored on either side of a central axis, as in a composition that is vertically divided down the middle.
Radial symmetry is a type of symmetrical balance that is created when shapes are mirrored both vertically and horizontally, with the center of the composition acting as the focal point.
5. RHYTHM: presentation of multiple units in a deliberate pattern. Rhythm is determined by repetition of the beat (pulse), accent (stress), and tempo (pace.)
6. CONTRAST: the degree of difference between compositional parts of between one image and another. Contrast is created when two or more forces operate in opposition.
OTHER VOCABULARY
Composition: a planned arrangement and organization of visual elements on a two-dimensional surface. Also called “design.”
Figure: any positive shape noticeably separated from the background or negative space. (Also called “positive shape”.)
Ground: the surface of a two-dimensional design that acts as the background or surrounding space for the figures in the composition. (Also called “negative shape”.)
Figure/Ground reversal: an arrangement in which positive and negative shapes alternately command attention. Also called “ambiguous figure/ground relationship.”
Hue: any pure color on the color wheel
Primary colors: red, yellow, blue
Secondary colors: orange, green, violet
Tertiary colors: red-orange, red-violet, yellow-orange, yellow-green, blueviolet, blue-green
Tint: a hue plus white
Shade: a hue plus black
Intensity: the saturation of a hue or color
Monochromatic: a color scheme using only one color with varying degrees of value or intensity
Analogous: a color scheme that uses hues located next to each other on the color wheel
Complementary: a color scheme incorporating opposite hues on the color wheel. Complementary colors accentuate each other in juxtaposition and neutralize each other in mixture.
Split-complementary: a color scheme using one hue and the two colors located on either side of its complement
Triad: a color scheme using any three colors that are equidistant on the color wheel.
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